Products related to Mitochondria:
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Plant Mitochondria
The primary function of mitochondria is respiration, where the catabolism of substrates is coupled to ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation. In plants, mitochondrial composition is relatively complex and flexible and has specific pathways to support photosynthetic processes in illuminated leaves. Plant mitochondria also play important roles in a variety of cellular processes associated with carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur metabolism. Research on plant mitochondria has rapidly developed in the last few decades with the availability of the genome sequences for a wide range of model and crop plants. Recent prominent themes in plant mitochondrial research include linking mitochondrial composition to environmental stress responses, and how this oxidative stress impacts on the plant mitochondrial function. Similarly, interest in the signaling capacity of mitochondria, the role of reactive oxygen species, and retrograde and anterograde signaling has revealed the transcriptional changes of stress responsive genes as a framework to define specific signals emanating to and from the mitochondrion. There has also been considerable interest in the unique RNA metabolic processes in plant mitochondria, including RNA transcription, RNA editing, the splicing of group I and group II introns, and RNA degradation and translation. Despite their identification more than 100 years ago, plant mitochondria remain a significant area of research in the plant sciences. This Special Issue, “Plant Mitochondria”, will cover a selection of recent research topics and timely review articles in the field of plant mitochondrial research.
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Mitochondria and the Heart
Mitochondria have been pivotal in the development of some of the most important ideas in modern biology.Since the discovery that the organelle has its own DNA and specific mutations were found in association with neuromuscular and cardiovascular diseases and with aging, an extraordi-nary number of publications have followed, and the term mitochondrial medicine was coined.Furthermore, our understanding of the multiple roles that mitochondria play in cardiac cell homeostasis opened the door for intensive experimentation to understand the pathogenesis and to find new treatments for cardiovascular diseases.Besides its role in adenosine triphosphate generation, mitochondria regu-late a complex network of cellular interactions, involving (1) generation and detoxification of reactive oxygen species, including superoxide anion, hy-drogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical; (2) maintenance of the antioxidant glutathione in a reduced state and adequate level of mitochondrial matrix superoxide dismutase; (3) cytoplasmic calcium homeostasis, particularly under conditions of cellular calcium loading; (4) transport of metabolites between cytoplasm and matrix; (5) both programmed (apoptosis) and necrotic cell death; and (6) cell growth and development.It is therefore not surprising that this organelle has come to be the center stage in many current investigations of cardiovascular diseases, aging, and agi- related disease.Concomitant with these advances, an impressive effort is under- way for the development of new tools and methodologies to study mitochondrial structure and function, including powerful ways to visualize, monitor, and alter the organelle function to assess the genetic consequences of these perturbations.
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Mitochondria in Liver Disease
"…excellent, well-organized, and timely."—Lester Packer and Enrique Cardenas, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, from the Series PrefaceThe liver is a vital organ that is responsible for a wide range of functions, most of which are essential for survival.The multitude of functions the liver performs makes it vulnerable to a wide range of diseases.Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in many liver diseases including drug-induced liver injury, alcoholic liver disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Mitochondria in Liver Disease gathers the most current research regarding the role of mitochondria in the liver and various diseases to which it is susceptible. The book is separated into two sections, the first of which highlights the latest developments in mitochondrial research.It includes cutting-edge topics such as the regulation of mitochondrial respiration using hydrogen sulfide and the regulation of mitochondrial fusion–fission via the endoplasmic reticulum.The second section reviews the most current research on the role of mitochondria in a wide range of liver diseases.It also addresses novel topics such as the importance of liver mitochondrial constituents as biomarkers of liver injury in plasma and as regulators of the immune system. Mitochondria in Liver Disease represents the current state of knowledge and research on mitochondrial roles in liver diseases.Written by a group of global experts, it provides an authoritative and comprehensive overview of the latest advances and methods that mark key starting points for future research.
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Wanderlust
-Sex isn't just about how big and how long. -What is it about then?-All sorts of things. Joy is struggling to remain interested in sex. Her husband thinks of little else. And their teenage son is ready to burst. Nick Payne's frank and compassionate play explores sex and intimacy - and asks whether the two are inevitably and inextricably linked.
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What are mitochondria?
Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles found in the cells of most eukaryotic organisms. They are often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell because they are responsible for producing the majority of the cell's energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through a process called cellular respiration. Mitochondria have their own DNA and are believed to have originated from ancient bacteria that were engulfed by a primitive eukaryotic cell through a process called endosymbiosis. They play a crucial role in various cellular functions, including metabolism, signaling, and cell death.
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Can wanderlust make you sick?
Wanderlust itself, which is the strong desire to travel and explore the world, is not inherently harmful or sickness-inducing. However, excessive or unfulfilled wanderlust can lead to feelings of restlessness, dissatisfaction, and even anxiety or depression. Additionally, frequent travel can expose individuals to different environments, climates, and germs, potentially increasing the risk of getting sick. It is important to balance the desire for travel with self-care and mindfulness to ensure a healthy and fulfilling travel experience.
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How did mitochondria originate?
Mitochondria are believed to have originated from a symbiotic relationship between an ancestral eukaryotic cell and an ancient prokaryotic organism, specifically an alpha-proteobacteria. This symbiotic relationship is thought to have occurred around 1.5 billion years ago, with the prokaryotic organism being engulfed by the eukaryotic cell but not digested. Over time, this prokaryotic organism evolved into the mitochondria we see in eukaryotic cells today. This theory is supported by the fact that mitochondria have their own DNA, similar to that of bacteria, and replicate independently of the host cell.
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How are mitochondria formed?
Mitochondria are formed through a process called mitochondrial biogenesis, which involves the growth and division of existing mitochondria. Mitochondria have their own DNA and can replicate independently of the cell's nucleus. When a cell needs more energy, it signals for the production of new mitochondria through a complex interplay of signaling pathways and regulatory proteins. This process ensures that the cell has an adequate supply of mitochondria to meet its energy demands.
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Wanderlust
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Wanderlust
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Wanderlust
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Why are mitochondria important?
Mitochondria are important because they are the powerhouse of the cell, producing the majority of the cell's energy in the form of ATP through the process of cellular respiration. This energy is essential for various cellular functions, including growth, repair, and division. Additionally, mitochondria play a crucial role in regulating cell metabolism, signaling, and cell death. Dysfunction of mitochondria has been linked to various diseases, highlighting their importance in overall cellular health and function.
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Why do some people have wanderlust?
Some people have wanderlust because they have a strong desire for new experiences, cultures, and adventures. They may feel a sense of curiosity and excitement about exploring different parts of the world and stepping out of their comfort zone. Traveling allows them to learn, grow, and create lasting memories that enrich their lives. Additionally, some individuals may have a natural inclination towards exploration and a deep appreciation for the beauty and diversity of the world.
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How can one escape from wanderlust?
One way to escape from wanderlust is to find a balance between satisfying the desire for adventure and the need for stability. This can be achieved by setting aside time for regular travel or exploration while also creating a sense of home and routine in everyday life. Additionally, finding activities or hobbies that provide a sense of fulfillment and excitement can help satisfy the urge to wander. It's also important to practice mindfulness and gratitude for the present moment, allowing oneself to appreciate the beauty and opportunities in the current surroundings.
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Which vacation always gives you wanderlust?
The vacation that always gives me wanderlust is a trip to Southeast Asia. The vibrant cultures, delicious cuisine, stunning landscapes, and rich history of countries like Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia always leave me wanting to explore more. The mix of bustling cities, tranquil beaches, and lush jungles in this region never fails to ignite my sense of adventure and curiosity, making me eager to plan my next journey there.
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